Valyrio Bardion: Conjugation
A High Valyrian verb is followed by one to three markers that tell the reader 1) who does the action, 2) in which tense the action takes place and 3) which grammatical mood is used. Usually, this means two markers, but in some cases, it can be more, for example in the case of the subjunctive mood, which is characterized by a vertical line following the person and tense markers, or the imperative mood. The simplest marker would be the markers for participles and infinitives, which are combined with their respective tense markers. For example:
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The verb in this case is “ipradagon” – “to eat”, by the way. Although to be more precise, the second example would be “ipradagon” – the present infinitive of the verb. The first one is “ipradare”. If participles are used as adjectives, they’ll be followed by the requisite markers as detailed under Declination.
If you’re not using a participle, there are always at least two markers present – one for the person and another for the tense. The markers for persons are as follows:
| 1st sing | 2nd sing | 3rd sing s/l | 3rd sing t/a | 1st pl | 2nd pl | 3rd pl |
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While spoken High Valyrian does not distinguish between solar/lunar and terrestrial/aquatic when it comes to conjugating verbs (it does so when it comes to pronouns), the distinction can be made in written High Valyrian. This can be assumed to be somewhat antiquated usage, however, and if the grammatical gender of the subject isn’t known, it usually defaults to the solar/lunar form. By the way, these triangle-based symbols also function as pronouns, if those are used.
As for the tenses, there are two sets of tense markers, one for active verbs and one for passive verbs. The active markers are:
| present | aorist | future | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect | past habitual |
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The passive ones are:
| present | aorist | future | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect | past habitual |
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Some examples of how these markers are used would be “ipradan” – “I eat”
or “merbuton daor” – “I was not hungry.”
In this example, we can see the difference between indicative and subjunctive, the vertical line following the verb markers. The symbol after that would be “daor” – “no” or “not” – which is also used for the morphemes “dor-” or “do-”, for example in the words “dorzalty” – “the unburnt”.
Which leaves us with just one mood left, the imperative. There are two imperative markers, one for active and one for passive.
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These are added to the other markers, as in this example: “Āeksios, aōhos ōñoso īlōn jehikās” – “Lord, cast your light upon us.”
